Tag: plastics optimization

STOP doing this to Cooling Circuits!

By Bozilla
May 2, 2023

STOP ignoring the importance of proper cooling circuit design for injection molding Cooling circuit design is typically not heavily weighted with regards to importance in the injection molding industry Cooling circuits need to be designed properly and the importance of the design must not be overlooked A common practice is to simply ‘place cooling in the mold’ and not much more Sometimes it is taken a step further where the practice is ‘to place as much cooling in the mold as possible’ This is a better practice but is it the best? We are going to discuss the importance of proper cooling circuit design and the implications of overlooking this important practice

Cooling Circuit Diameter

Is the diameter of the cooling circuit important? It certainly is In fact, the diameter of the cooling circuit must be a part of a larger consideration such as circuit spacing, pressure drop and flow rates A larger diameter may be thought to cool better since it is larger, which is somewhat true, however it will take up more space due to its larger diameter so it may be difficult to route in tighter locations

The spacing of larger cooling lines can be increased based on the diameter which can result in fewer cooling lines hence less gun—drilling, ie a cost savings but this is not always the better condition if the mold design is complex or small  Larger cooling lines will also have a lower pressure loss resulting in less power required to pump the water through the circuit This is a big plus but the difference in pumping efficiency may be negligible It is also important to understand that varying cooling circuit diameters within the same mold will only be as efficient as the smallest diameter of that circuit due to the higher pressure loss within the section containing the smaller diameter The flow may be turbulent in the portion with the smaller diameter yet may take flow away from the larger diameter portion resulting in a laminar flow condition in the section with that larger diameter

The Importance of Balanced Cooling Circuits

Optimal designed cooling circuits are the driving force behind productivity and cycle times

If your cooling circuits are not as working as efficiently as they can be, they will be costing you precious time and money Balancing cooling circuits plays a tremendous role in cooling efficiency

So why do the cooling circuits need to be balanced and what exactly does that mean?

In short, all circuits are not created equal If cooling circuits are not equally balanced, then the flow rate

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Lean Tool Validation for Injection Molding

By Bozilla
April 19, 2023

Lean tool validation video

 

Lean Tool validation for injection molding means developing a more efficient process that benefits the environment; Reduces CO2, and saves costs  Bozilla uses “cutting-edge” proprietary techniques developed over 21 years in the injection molding industry to determine if a tool can be optimized and brought back to life in its most efficient state

A typical scenario entails a company contacting Bozilla to make a tool more efficient or bring a tool back to life  We would ask them to send us everything about the tool, including CAD drawings, 3D part and tool drawings, machine process settings, current tool status, and other pertinent information about the tool

Analyze data for mold

 

Bozilla will investigate all areas of inefficiency, outline suggestions, and provide a proposal  During the beginning phase, there will be no up-front cost  The company then determines which recommendations can be practically implemented, and Bozilla provides a cost and time estimate  Should the customer accept the proposal, the work can begin immediately

Some examples of tools Bozilla has efficiently improved include those that have been cut wrong (tool dimensions did not match part specifications/dimensions), fouled cooling channels,  a poorly designed feed system(both hot and cold), cycle times that are excessive or are known to be inefficient and even tools that have been sidelined due to inefficiency

Once the project has started, the type of work performed is analytical where Bozilla models the current design and conditions in a virtual world using Autodesk Moldflow Insight

Optimize tool process

 

Initially, our team would identify areas of the process that can be optimized, make those changes and continue to further optimize the process  Once the process has been deemed efficient (based on the tool design, coolant flow rate, and other factors), the customer will have an opportunity to review and make as many changes as possible, which may or may not include tool modifications (such as adding cooling lines) It is not always apparent that a tool is underperforming unless a thorough investigation is performed   Each potential issue is identified accordingly, and proposed changes are provided to create a streamlined, lean running tool that will be lean and profitable

Some examples of proposed changes may include instrumenting the tool correctly,  determining pump efficiency, reducing cycle times, increasing temperature control, minimizing process variation, reducing energy consumption (creating less CO2),  recapturing costs from tools

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Is Using MFR the Best method for Material Selection?

By Bozilla
December 1, 2022

When a material selection comes down to flow rate, is using the (Mass Flow Rate) MFR or Melt Index (MI) the best choice? To answer this, we need to understand why the Melt Index test initially came about

The Origin of the Melt Index Test Method (ASTM D-1238)

ASTM D 1238: Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer

Before there were standards to test polymers, there was a need to determine the differences in how polymers would flow when melted A method was created to keep all polymers on the same level playing field This method places the material in an Extrusion Plastometer or Melt Indexer

furnace of the plastometer and extrusion plastometer

The standard has the barrel of the melt indexer heated to a specific temperature The user would obtain a resin sample and place it in the barrel where a piston would be inserted A specific load would be placed on the piston, and the melted polymer would be extruded through a capillary die (with a particular orifice size) The extrusion would take place for 10 minutes, and the amount of polymer would be weighed in grams yielding an output in g/10 minutes

Having MFR data for all materials allows one to compare them side-by-side, giving a respective idea of how each will flow with the other

The limitation of this test method is that it is, in fact, one point on the viscosity curve and is at a shear rate of nearly zero, which is not indicative of the injection molding process

When materials experience shear during injection molding, shear rates may be experienced up to and possibly exceeding 100,000 1/sec Some materials become more viscous at higher shear rates, but these are uncommon

So how do we compare materials at these higher shear rates?

Since the inception of the melt indexer (1950s), a much more accurate test method was designed using a Dual Capillary Rheometer

Dual capillary rheometer

A dual capillary rheometer can produce a series of viscosity data points over a range of shear rates, such as the image below

rheology curve

A Rheology curve provides exact viscosity data based on specific shear rates at specifically tested temperatures Notice how the Melt Index MFR point does not provide any data relating to the injection molding process A curve like this will allow one to understand the exact behavior of the material and shear rate

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Creating a Virtual Plastics Injection Molding Window

By Bozilla
April 27, 2022

Since the inception of plastic injection molding, creating a robust injection molding process has always been a challenge As time has progressed, the design of plastic parts has become more detailed and intricate, the tolerances have become tighter and the boundaries of injection molding standards are being pushed to their limits The combination of each one of these factors is making it more and more difficult to create and maintain a robust molding process

Initially, it wasn’t difficult to design a basic injection molding window that would result in a robust molding process However, with the advent of increasingly demanding factors it has become more difficult to design a process molding window that is large enough to be robust and create consistently good parts As a matter of fact, not only is it difficult to create a wide process molding window, it’s nearly impossible to create a suitable molding window- Period We will discuss how and why it is necessary to first create a virtual injection molding window and how that data can be translated to the floor in order to have the best injection molding window possible

Let’s begin with understanding what a molding window (or process window) is Typically, a molding window is comprised of three major factors: Fill time (or fill speed), Mold Temperature and Melt Temperature Each of these factors has the greatest impact on the injection molding process

Graphs below will illustrate the impact of each

The influence of each factor:

  • Fill Time (fill speed): As fill speed decreases, the material moves into and through the cavity slowly which allows the cooling effects of the tool steel to have more time to influence and cool the temperature of the plastic resulting in a higher viscosity response and a greater pressure to fill the cavity Conversely, as the fill speed increases, the material will shear thin (the viscosity will decrease) significantly, but ultimately the plastic will resist filling the cavity and require a greater pressure to fill the cavity Somewhere between filling extremely slow and filling extremely fast is a sweet spot that requires low pressure to fill the cavity If plotted out in a graph, it will be a u-shaped curve where the lowest point is typically a good fill speed

molding window pressure

  • Mold Temperature: The mold temperature is highly influential with regards to having the material fill the cavity The thickness of the part relative to the flow length is an important relationship with regards to the impact of the mold
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The Reality of Core Shift- Is this happening to You?

By Bozilla
March 23, 2022

Core shift is not always obvious or suspected Recently, Bozilla Corporation was called upon to investigate a part that was warping differently and more than expected The customer had a flow simulation conducted by a third party and the warpage results did not match the actual part data Sometimes part warpage does not match the flow simulation and in many cases, it is easily explained However, after a quick investigation, the underlying cause of the excessive deflection was not easily understood It was time for our Team to troubleshoot

(The animations and images presented in this article do not represent the Customers actual part file and is just an example of how core deflection occurs)

Core deflection fill time graph

To begin the investigation, we compared the floor process to the simulation, which is standard operating procedure They matched fairly well They are never a perfect match but were very close We then looked at the part data and tool design then compared it to the data utilized in the flow analysis The data matched This was good news because through process of elimination, we were nearing the target

We then began taking a closer look at the part along with the flow simulation results We noticed that there were long features extending from the core side of the tool that the polymer had to flow around and down The features were thin so they did not have cooling in them therefore it was suspected that these long cores were heating up excessively causing the polymer to stress relieve and therefore warp However, the simulation software accounted for this to some degree and we did not see a trend that suggested the hot core feature was contributing to additional deflection

Having a long history with examining many polymers and how they behave in varying geometries caused us to take a closer look at the differential pressure within the cavity as it flowed around and along the long core features We discovered a significant pressure differential that occurred on either side of the core We also learned that the polymer did not freeze uniformly around that core during the 2nd stage pack process Having differential pressure and non-uniform freezing threw up a few flags

Core shift pressure graph

We had to investigate the impact of the differential pressure and non-uniform freezing on these features We knew it was time for a core-deflection analysis The customer was fairly confident that the P-20 tool steel was robust enough to

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Key Factors in a Reliable Plastics Injection Molding Simulation Report

By Bozilla
November 30, 2021

I have written in a prior post about the key factors necessary in a plastics injection molding optimization analyst  Now, I would like to discuss the importance of a skillfully assembled simulation report  Jennifer Schmidt spoke of the key ingredients of a trustworthy injection molding simulation report in her talk at the Plastics Technology Molding 2021 conference In this brief, I will discuss the valuable information she provided and add additional feedback  If you want a successful outcome for your tool, these key components are essential to consider

 

Injection Molding simulation software

1Software

  • What version is being used and is the software up to date? Look for signs that the analyst is using an older version of software which will alter the results on the report, and ultimately the floor results

Typically, the output file(s) of the software contain the release version of the software  It might not be the absolute latest release of the software, but is should be a proven release which is typically a year old or less

Mesh quality for injection molding

2 Type of Mesh used: Consider the type of mesh that used for the part and the runner

  • Is the mesh type appropriate for the part geometry?
  • Is it precise enough in critical areas to capture important details?
  • Is the correct technology being used for the part geometry/runner combination, ie midplane, Dual-Domain, 3D or a specialty mesh used?
  • Will the report allow access to display the mesh?
  • Does the filling animation, weld lines and sink marks reveal insights into the mesh quality?

Consider: Simulations of the same part with the same material and same mesh density, but different mesh types for the part and runner, may produce different results for pressure at the fill-to-pack switchover point, which could make quite a difference in what occurs in an actual molding environment

There are many factors to consider and only a seasoned user with the proper education in the software will be able to make these determinations in order to provide the best analytical outcome

Material Data for injection molding

 

3 Material Data: An accurate molding prediction requires good material data

  • What was the material data in the simulation based on?
  • Was data on the actual material available?
  • Was the data a substitute?-a resin of the same generic family but has a
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Is this the correct Injection Molding Machine for your Tool?

By Bozilla
November 8, 2021

To start this discussion I’d have to first state that the size of the tool plays a large role when selecting an injection molding machine  More specifically, it is the projected area that is of concern and how the projected area, along with the pressure distribution over that projected area, creates clamp force

Selecting a machine based on clamp force (tonnage) is more common when you have a part with a large projected area; ie multi-cavity tools, bumper fascias, housewares and many other items

In today’s economic climate, it’s more important than ever to conserve energy  Many believe that using the smallest IMM is the best way to achieve this cost savings  However, there are reasons why a smaller machine isn’t always the most efficient machine

 Reason 1: If an optimum process is the objective, select a machine that does not allow the tool to exceed the clamp force and flash the tool (blowing open)  during an  ‘optimized’ process

We  have had many concerned customers consult with us about the process Their questions are directed at finding out why the part is warping or exhibiting cosmetic defects  Once I dig into the process, I typically find that the part is not packed sufficiently due to the tool blowing open  In order to keep the tool closed, they must pack with very little pressure for a very short time  Packing with too little pressure, too little time, or both can cause a loss of control with dimensional stability and/or cosmetic issues due to excessive shrinkage  These issues create problems that are caused because the tool is in an IMM that doesn’t have the proper clamp force requirement

In the image below the clamp force required to fill and make the part is 250 Tons  However, in order to pack the part out sufficiently and make a good part (meets tolerances, minimal cosmetic defects, minimal deflection, etc) the clamp force required during 2nd stage pack is 1,450 Tons  That’s a very big difference

clamp force plot

 

 Reason 2: You are able to make parts but the process window is so small that staying within the process window is difficult or impossible to maintain

The inability to stay within a process window could be caused by several issues, especially since there are so many variables in the molding process  However, if the machine does not have sufficient clamp force to stay closed during an optimum molding process, concessions will be made and

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